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Glutathione

Immune ModulationLongevity & Cellular HealthLongevity & MitochondrialAnti-AgingResearch use only
Educational use only. Not medical advice. Verify all information with primary sources and a licensed clinician before use.
Short systemic half-life (~14 minutes); route-dependent
Half-life
34
Uses
500
Typical
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Overview

Glutathione is the body's main intracellular antioxidant, a tripeptide of glutamate, cysteine, and glycine (GSH). It neutralizes reactive oxygen species and free radicals by cycling between reduced (GSH) and oxidized (GSSG) forms, conjugates toxins in the liver for phase II detoxification, and regenerates other antioxidants such as vitamins C and E. For skin lightening, it inhibits tyrosinase and shifts melanin production from darker eumelanin to lighter pheomelanin.

Primary Uses
Neutralizes reactive oxygen species and prevents oxidative injury
Recycles other antioxidants like vitamin C and vitamin E
Supports mitochondrial energy production and ATP synthesis
Facilitates liver phase II conjugation of toxins, heavy metals, and drug metabolites
Defense against acetaminophen overdose-induced liver injury
Supports T cell and natural killer cell function
Reduces cold and flu symptom burden
Reverses aging biomarkers via precursor loading
Redox biology research
Detoxification pathway support
Oxidative stress reduction
Immune support studies
Anti-aging research
Heavy metal detoxification
Liver support and protection
Parkinson's disease support
Neuroprotection
Immune enhancement
Skin health and brightening
Anti-aging
Antioxidant protection against oxidative damage to DNA, proteins, and lipids
Detoxification of electrophilic xenobiotics via glutathione S-transferases
Immune function support including T-cell activation and cytokine production
Metal chelation (Cu2+, Fe2+) to prevent Fenton reactions
Regeneration of other antioxidants (vitamin C and vitamin E)
Potential anti-aging effects through protection against age-related oxidative damage
Antioxidant support
Liver detoxification (phase II)
Skin lightening
Immune support
Reducing DNA oxidative damage
Improving HbA1c in type 2 diabetics
Supportive care for chemotherapy-induced neuropathy
Parkinson's disease symptom improvement
Protocol Reference
Dose
500–1500 mg
Frequency
1-2 times weekly
Half-life
Short systemic half-life (~14 minutes); route-dependent
Route
Intramuscular
Evidence
GRAS Status (Generally Recognized As Safe) - Extensive Human Research / Extensively Studied (disputed)
Research References· 18
Clinical Trial \- Randomized controlled trial on GSH supplementation ↗
PubMedPMID 24791752500-1000 mg liposomal daily
Clinical Trial \- Parkinson's disease symptom improvement study ↗
PubMedPMID 8938712#### Duration
The Glutathione Theory of Aging.↗
PubMedPMID 39316535Altern Ther Health Med2024Pelton R
Research Models
Human
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