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SS-31 (Elamipretide)
Longevity & MitochondrialLongevity & Cellular HealthMitochondrial-Targeted PeptideResearch use only
Educational use only. Not medical advice. Verify all information with primary sources and a licensed clinician before use.
Body Map
MitochondriaMuscles
Overview
A mitochondria-targeted tetrapeptide (D-Arg-Dmt-Lys-Phe-NH2) that selectively concentrates in the inner mitochondrial membrane, concentrating ~5,000-fold compared to cytoplasm. Developed by Dr. Hazel Szeto at Weill Cornell Medical College, SS-31 stabilizes cardiolipin — a phospholipid critical for electron transport chain function — optimizing electron transfer, reducing ROS production, and restoring mitochondrial bioenergetics. It has received FDA Breakthrough Therapy and Fast Track designations for Barth syndrome and has been studied in clinical trials for heart failure, mitochondrial myopathy, age-related macular degeneration, and kidney disease.
Primary Uses
Mitochondrial diseases
Heart failure
Age-related conditions
Barth syndrome
Kidney injury
Neurodegenerative models
Anti-aging and mitochondrial health
Barth syndrome (genetic mitochondrial disease)
Primary mitochondrial myopathy
Age-related macular degeneration (geographic atrophy)
Kidney disease
Enhanced ATP Production
Oxidative Stress Reduction
Mitochondrial Disease Support
Cardiac Protection
Heart Failure Support
Exercise Tolerance
Age-Related Muscle Function
Cognitive Protection
Cellular Rejuvenation
Protocol Reference
Dose
Subcutaneous: 40 mg daily (clinical trial dose for Barth syndrome); IV: 0.05 mg/kg/hour infusion (heart failure trials); Research: 0.5–5 mg subcutaneous (extrapolated from animal studies)
Frequency
daily
Half-life
~2 hours
Route
subcutaneous · intravenous
Evidence
Phase 2/3 clinical trials; FDA Breakthrough Therapy and Fast Track designations for Barth syndrome / Phase 4 / Well Studied (disputed)
Research Models
DogHumanMouse
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